LESSON THREE QUIZ name__________________________________

#1

1. The salivary glands are the ______, the _________, the _________ and _______

2. Good _____ maintains mouth and buccal health

3. ___ _____ means bad teeth.

4. When you don’t close the esophageal sphincter properly, you get ____ _____.

5. _____ is secreted by the stomach into the bloodstream. When it returns it stimulates _______ juices

6. Hydrochloric acid acts in the stomach to stimulate _____

7. Direct contact with digestive _____ is injurious to tissues; they are made as ______

8. The main protection against digestive juices in the stomach is the _____ ______

9. Intrinsic factor and other carrier proteins are secreted in the stomach to protect and transport ____

10. The mesenteric web is responsible for blood supplied to the _________ ______

11. This blood is then taken into the ______ system and the ______.

(Black Cohosh and reproductive covered later)

12. Interstitial fluid is actually a _________

13. Brown recluse venom contains ________

14. Hyaluronic (and uronic acid) acid is an important linkage agent in _____ _______ (soft tissues) and ______ _______ or “matrix” in gristle and cartilege.

15. “Interstitial Fluid” derives from _____ leakage, and is actually a _____

16. The serum that leaks out of the capillaries to enter the interstitial gel has little or no _____ content

17. The interstitial gel gradually becomes _____ and passes through the body’s lymph vessels, finally draining back into the veinous blood by way of the ____ and ______ ______ veins

18. The left subclavian vein drains the lymph from most of the body, the right arm and head drains lymph into the _____ ______ _____

19. The interstitial gel maintains a ______ deficit, and also draws ______ out from the cells as a waste product of cellular_______

20. The gel of soft tissues is dehydrated to make the ground substance or matrix of __________

21. Enough _____, secreting hyaluronidase, soften up the outer covering of the ____ so that a single one can eventually fertilize.

22. A respiratory virus can infect the throat for a long enough time that the secretion of protective mucus can become impaired. This can allow a hyaluronidase-secreting bacterium to enter the wall of the throat and induce _____ throat.

23. Brown recluse spider bites contain a self-perpetuating _______ ______ with _______

24. The two tissues you cannot regenerate: ______ _______, _______

25. The only practical hyaluronidase inhibitor is ________

26. Echinacea helps to stabilize the _______ _____ of soft tissues and the _____ ______ of cartilege

#2

1. The first symptom of metabolic imbalance is _______ _________ _______ _______

2. The best balance for a person is ___ ____ ________ ________

3. If you can maintain a working balance on your own, you don’t need _______

4. If you cannot sustain your life without relying on stress, you need _____

5. Lacking innate balance, we use herbs to _____ that balance.

6. Strengthen functions suppressed by stress and that ______ energy from the stress.

7. Use defines _____

8. Every antagonist has an ________

9. Under adrenalin stress, the ______ contract and gut contents can be held dormant for a fair length of time

10. Don’t try to assess the system involved in a _______ _______

11. An organ system directly involved in a disease state will always be ______

12. Such an organ will be inflammed and aggravated because of defense accommodations...it will never need a _____, just treatment

13. Everyone that’s been sick for awhile needs a _____

14. Our waste products are _____, the Mother Ocean is _______

15. After 16-18 hours of being awake, the ______ of metabolic waste acids in the alkaline body fluids is near saturation.

16. People on 3-day speed runs will pull _____ and ______ from the bones and teeth for emergency buffering.

17. Too much of this can, in time, result in _____ ______ or “_______ _______”

18. Any change in blood chemistry results in _____ _____ _____ _______.

19. When under stress, don’t consume foods that contain ______ _______ similar to those you are trying to clear and excrete from your own body,

20. Do NOT eat such foods before _______.

#3

(Review from the workbook. Check the patient intake form and specific monograph for the general symptoms of Upper GI deficiencies)

1. Eating food makes you feel _________ and lowers _____ ______

2. A nervous stomach can stay full for many hours, and ubiquitous yeast can cause _________ of sugars broken down by oral ______

3. A nervous stomach can stay full for many hours and allow extended presence of undigested proteins that have a potential to form ______

4. Disciplined eating always helps at first, simply because one becomes food and diet conscious. Not everything that’s good ____ ____ sustains ____ _____

5. Some smokers smoke becauses a cigaret _____ upper GI functions, and they are upper GI.

6. A _____ ______ taken just before meals will stimulate upper GI function in a deficient person and help withdrawal from cigaret use.

7. The primary reason to have upper GI deficiency is ______ ______

8. In upper GI suppression from adrenalin or adrenergic stress, what is the order of suppression? _______________________________________________________

9. A bitter tonic, although useful, is limited because it only stimulates__________

10. A bitter tonic should taste bitter but be devoid of _____ effects. 

11. The best bitter tonics are those that TASTE bitter, but their bitter constituents are actually plant _____.

12. List some plants that fit both #10 and #11______________________________
__________________________________________________________________

13. Describe the type of person that might benefit from a vinegar tincture of a bitter
__________________________________________________________________(
14. In the aged or the life-long drinker with achlorhydria, a simple, elegant approach is to chew on a _____ ______ before each meal.

15. We don’t worry about upper GI excess in constitutional terms. It either signifies a basic strength and shouldn’t be _______, or it signifies upper GI inflammation and disease and should be treated directly.
Primary Intestinal Tract 
Endocrine Hormones
Gastrin:  
          Endocrine hormone, secreted by G-cells in antrum stomach mucosa
          Stimulates secretion of gastric acids, lowers pH
          Stimulates growth of gastric mucosa (cell-proliferative)
          Exists in glycine-bound precursor in intercellular fluid (progastrin),
		the probable growth-stimulating factor
          Stimulates pancreatic, gallbladder and small intestinal secretions
          Diminished gastric acid, increased serum gastrin
          Increased gastric acidity, decreased serum gastrin
          Too much gastrin, stomach mucosa hyperplasia
          enterochromaffin-like cells (ECL, found only in the acid-secreting
		stomach) proliferate in diminished acidity, dangerously so
		when inhibited by H2 blockers...even anticholinergics.
          Infection with Helicobacter pylori causes hypergastrinemia, often
		causing gastric ulcer
          Yeast metabolites (such as in beer or bread) stimulate gastrin
          Normal gastrin response stimulates acquired immunity in gut
          Diminished OR excessive levels impair normal resistance
Secretin: 
         Endocrine hormone, secreted by cells in upper small-intestinal mucosa
          Stimulates stomach enzymes, water and alkali secretions from
		pancreas and liver:  SUPPRESSES gastric acids
          Complex meals stimulate the most; fluids and sugars the least
Somatostatin:
          Paracrine/endocrine hormone (in the intestinal tract)
          Made by D-cells in gastric mucosa
          Suppresses gastric secretions; Gastrin rises, until suppressed by a
		combination of luminal acids and somatostatin
          Infection with Helicobacter pylori causes somatostatin suppression,
		usually causing duodenal ulcer
          Somatostatin also produced in small intestines and large intestines.
          Somatostatin also produced in brain, and released by myenteric plexus
		cells
          It inhibits motility and tone of stomach and small intestines and gall
		bladder, and inhibits formation of liver bile, but NOT bilirubin
          It STIMULATES motility and tone of esophagus
          It is elevated in blood and cerebrospinal fluids of obsessive-
		compulsives
          It inhibits the release of ALL known GI hormones
          It inhibits saliva, gastric, pacreatic, small intestinal and liver
		secretions
          It inhibits splanchnic blood flow
          It inhibits intestinal absorption
          In the brain it inhibits somatotropin release by the hypothalamic/
		pituitary axis.
          It is also secreted into the bloodstream by the hypothalamus, where
		it acts on the primary target tissues in the gut.
          Like epinephrine, it is made LOCALLY (paracrine), and secreted
		SYSTEMICALLY (endocrine)
Bombesin  
          A paracrine hormone in brain, it moderates blood flow (somehow)
          It is an endocrine hormone, secreted from cells in the duodenum and
		jejunum.
          It stimulates gastric ACID and pancreatic ENZYMES.
          It stimulates contractions of the gall bladder and the biliary duct
          It relaxes the common duct and sphincter of Oppy (see: Garfield)   
          It strongly stimulates acquired immunity and antibody response in
		biliary apparatus AND duodenum/jejunum
          It helps trigger Cholecystokinin release
          It is a vasoconstrictor to breast arteries (??)
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
          An endocrine hormone secreted by cells in the mucosa of the
		duodenum the jejunum, also (natch) by the hypothalamus
          Meals stimulate CCK secretions by BOTH the gut and CNS
		simultaneously
          It stimulates gall bladder contractions and pancreatic enzymes
          Release of CCK GENERALLY satiates the appetite for more food.
          Coincidentally, it is also the LAST major gut hormone secreted in a
		food cycle
          A secondary rise of CCK (following the initial release) inhibits
		stomach motility and emptying, but NOT peristaltic action.
          CCK can slow colon transit (unpredictable)
          CCK has nor effect on small intestinal transit.
          CCK is secreted MORE with unsaturated dietary fats than with 
		saturated fats, and least of all with butterfats.
          Coffee (intact or decaffeinated) increases intestinal CCK secretions.
          Secretion stimulated by phenylalanine
          It is part of the "antianalgesia response" in the spinal chord,
		following endorphin or opiate activity.
          It is directly involved in opiate tolerance
          CCK-4 (CCK-tetrapeptide) is associated, and may induce, panic states
          CCK-8 (CNS) stimulates and modifies appetite for food
          CCK-8 is VERY low in those with anorexia and/or bulimia
          Anorectic/bulimics produce less gut CCK (usually CCK-4)
          CCK is also a gut immuno-stimulant, but less active than gastrin and
		Bombesin (the most active)

#4

1. The primary purpose of the upper GI is to give _____ ______ ____ to the food.

2. The primary function of the small intestine is to ____ ____ ______.

3. The lower GI manipulates and ferments undigestable food and _____ _____invested in the food higher up.

4. Describe the steps of eating and digestion, from CNS to excretion____________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. Upper GI peristalsis is under the stimulus of ______ _______

6. For the sympathetic nerves to effectively communicate with the spinal chord nerves there must be _____ sympathetic nerves firing at once.

7. The effect of this is the brain’s impression that the information is coming from the spinal chord nerve’s skin ______, and not from the internal organ that the sympathetics are speaking for.

8. New referred pain (as in #7) is at first perceived as skin pain on the surface of that ______. With time, that referred pain (from the sympathetics) is translated into ______ pain and not skin pain.

9. Generally speaking, secretions are stimulated by _________, suppressed by __________

10. All physiologic actions are the sum of ______ and ______ actions. 

11. Unopposed actions can result in destructive _________

12. Lymph-like saliva contains:__________, __________, __________ - _________ ________, _________ - __________ ___________, __________

13. Starch digestion begins in the _____

14. Oral amylase is active in an _____media; once it hits the stomach it is inactivated by stomach _____

15. The upper part of the stomach acts as a _____ ______, the bottom of the stomach, 4-6 ounces in volume, acts as the ____ _______. The two sections are kept seperate by a temporary constricting waist under ________ control.

16. The antrum of the stomach also secretes the B12 transporters, _____ ______ and ________ __________

17. The antrum of the stomach also makes the enzymes that break down ____ ____

18. Eating under adrenergic stress results in the temporary stomach “waist” (parasympathetic) being suppressed by adrenalin, and the two sections of the stomach mixing their contents. This causes what effects?______________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

#5

1. In order to stop both agonist AND antagonist agents in the gut you secrete _______

2._______ and _______ dry up the thin saliva, but not the ropey, viscous lubricating saliva

3. Diminished thin saliva alllows massive proliferation of mouth bacteria and the building up of their waste ______

4. This will cause ____ _______ and ________ ______ (from an acid environment)

5. Virtually all mouth problems derive from _____ _____ and ______ _______.

6. To stimulate saliva, without the mouth/stomach reflex of a bitter tonic, you need a _________

7. Simple fruit ____ are useful, as are small smooth _____

8. Name some herbs that, themselves, stimulate saliva. _______________________ 
__________________________________________________________________

9. Diminished secretions are also symptoms produced by most ______, both _______ and recreational.

10. Most snack foods are reagens and ______ the pulse

11. Apply _____ or _______ ______  topically for acute local, nomadic gum infections.

12. For chronic gum weakness and puffiness, apply diluted ______ (_____ _____) tincture.

13. Other herbs that can be used or chronic gum conditions are _______________
__________________________________________________________________

14. How do you use yarrow root for mouth problems?_______________________
__________________________________________________________________

15. What herbs can be used in place of oil of cloves for a sore mouth or tooth pain?______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Chia - see CD #3, Salvia columbariae

Blue Dicks - see CD #3, Brodiaea

Anemopsis - see CD #3, Anemopsis

#6
¨

General structure of a coiled basket. Bundles of flowering stems (culms) of deergrass (Muhlenbergia rigens) were commonly used by the Cahuilla and other tribes for the foundation (primary coils) of the basket, around which the secondary coils were tightly wrapped. Basketbush (Rhus trilobata) was commonly used for the secondary coils, with intricate designs made from brown coils of rush culms (including Juncus acutus, J. effusus, J. lesueurii and J. textilis). Sometimes the rush culms were dyed to produce various color patterns. Other plants were also used for basketry in the American southwest, including willow (Salix), beargrass (Nolina microcarpa), yucca (Yucca elata) and devil's claws (Proboscidea parviflora). 

¨

J. textilis